(Solution) MME research project Research Module Assignment

Question

ontext
The identification of study designs is an essential step in conducting research. A study design may be defined as “a specific plan or protocol for conducting the study, which allows the investigator to translate the conceptual hypothesis into an operational one.”

Task 2
Step 1: Related to the topic that you selected in assignment one, write the following:
a. research questions
b. research objectives

Step 2. Based on the research questions and objectives identify the most suitable study design and in not more than 5 lines, justify your selection.

Output Requirement
•⁠ ⁠Research questions and objectives
•⁠ ⁠Study design with justifications

1.⁠ ⁠Please provide reference of the book/s based on which you selected the study design.
2.⁠ ⁠For the purpose of MME research project, Descriptive study design or simple surveys will not be accepted even though these are perfectly valid study designs. In case a candidate wishes to pursue a descriptive study, he/ she will have to provide very strong justification for it.

Solution

Selected Topic: How do authentic leadership motivate and enhance the medical student’s performance to achieve the graduation requirements during internship period?

• Assignment One

1.1 Introduction

The success of medical students in their roles is dependent on their performance during the internship period. This is supported by Han and Chung (1) research which noted that performance of medical students in their career is moderately correlated with their effectiveness during the internship period. The findings were informed by the Clinical Performance Examination (CPX) and Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) findings.  For motivating and enhancing medical students performance, authentic leadership is essential. According to Marques-Quinteiro P et al. (2), authentic leadership is sufficient for promoting performance of different teams which work in a hospital setting. This is by enhancing different enablers including performance, viability and satisfaction. Adopting the definition of Gardner WL et al. (3), authentic leadership is anchored on positive psychology. This entail leading in an ethical and truthful manner holding the promise for leverage on healthier, happier and productive workplaces. The outcome of investing in authentic leadership behaviour has been identified in research to improve productivity, in-role performance, job satisfaction and well-being in workplace. Despite of this, most of the research in this area focuses on the already working medical doctors or nurses (Daraba et al., 4; Maziero et al., 5 and Wahidi R et al., 6). It is in this regard that the current research will focus on filling this gap by evaluating how the authentic leadership is a motivator and improve medical students performance to achieve graduation requirements in their internship period.

1.1.1 Research Aim, Objectives and Questions

The aim of this research is to evaluate how authentic leadership motivates and enhance medical students performance for achieving graduation requirements during the internship period. In order to achieve this aim, the following objectives would be pursued;

• To analyse the influence of authentic leadership to medical students in their internship period
• To evaluate the relationship of authentic leadership and improved motivation and performance of medical students in internship period
• To establish and recommend best practice in authentic leadership implementation for achieving graduation requirements for medical students during internship period

Answer to the following research questions would similarly be sought in this research:

• How do authentic leadership influence medical students in their internship period?
• How does authentic leadership relate with motivated and high performing medical students in their internship period?
• Which strategies can be used to enhance authentic leadership for medical students to achieve graduation requirements in their internship period?

1.2 Literature Review Related to Research

Despite of the identified research gap, there are different sources which are available and would be used in this research. These sources include and not limited to the following;

1. McPherson K, Barnard JG, Tenney M, Holliman BD, Morrison K, Kneeland P, Lin CT, Moss M. Burnout and the role of authentic leadership in academic medicine. BMC health services research. 2022 May 11;22(1):627.
2. Jaworski M, Panczyk M, Leńczuk-Gruba A, Nowacka A, Gotlib J. The trend of authentic leadership skills in nursing education: The key role of perfectionism and self-efficacy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022 Feb 10;19(4):1989.
3. Jaworski M, Panczyk M, Cieślak I, Zarzeka A, Gotlib J. Authentic leadership skills and public health student participation in extracurricular activities (ECAS). InEDULEARN18 Proceedings 2018 (pp. 4917-4924). IATED.
4. Almutairi M, Timmins F, Wise PY, Stokes D, Alharbi TA. Authentic leadership—A concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2024.Bryan V, Vitello-Cicciu J. Perceptions of preceptors’ authentic leadership and final year nursing students’ self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and job performance. Journal of Professional Nursing. 2022 Jul 1;41:81-7.
5. Bryan V, Vitello-Cicciu J. Perceptions of preceptors’ authentic leadership and final year nursing students’ self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and job performance. Journal of Professional Nursing. 2022 Jul 1;41:81-7.
6. Flores CA, Maier SR, Moura AA, Balsanelli AP, Dias BM, Bernardes A. Authentic leadership in the educational system and in nursing education: an integrative review. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2022 Sep 19;75:e20220122.
7. Basch J. An Exploration of Resilience, Well-Being, and Authentic Leadership in Aspiring Student Leaders as they Transition from High School to University(Doctoral dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada)).
8. Maunz LA, Thal S, Glaser J. Authentic leaders, energized employees? Indirect beneficial and adverse effects of authentic leadership on intrinsic motivation and exhaustion. Applied Psychology. 2024.
9. Keil A. The relationship between Authentic Leadership, Work-related stress and Job motivation A Mixed Methods Study.
10. Paredes SL, Salomón JO, Camino JR. Impact of authentic leadership on work engagement and organizational citizenship Behavior: the meditating role of motivation for work. Int J Econ Bus Admin. 2021;9(3):3-1.
11. Samsudin A, Saputra N, Abdinegoro SB. Authentic Leadership, Work Engagement and Performance. InThe International Conference on Business and Management Research (ICBMR 2020) 2020 Dec 23 (pp. 276-283). Atlantis Press.
12. Giallonardo LM, Wong CA, Iwasiw CL. Authentic leadership of preceptors: predictor of new graduate nurses’ work engagement and job satisfaction. Journal of nursing management. 2010 Nov;18(8):993-1003.
13. Zein eldin Prof YK, El Sayed Prof NM, El Zoheiry Dr MH. Effect of Resilience Training Program for Nurse Interns on their Work Engagement.
14. Tawfik AF, Mahgoub SA. Effect of authentic leadership on work readiness: the mediating role of nurses’ agility. BMC nursing. 2024 Oct 11;23(1):741.
15. Maziero VG, Bernardes A, Righetti EA, Spiri WC, Gabriel CS. Positive aspects of authentic leadership in nursing work: integrative review. Revista brasileira de enfermagem. 2020 Aug 7;73(6):e20190118.
16. Delbert TM, Jacobs K. Best Practices in Leadership Curriculum Development: A Case Study of a Curriculum Designed to Foster Authentic Leadership Skills in Graduate Students. Journal of Higher Education Theory & Practice. 2021 Feb 1;21(2).
17. Towsen T, Stander MW, van der Vaart L. The relationship between authentic leadership, psychological empowerment, role clarity, and work engagement: Evidence from South Africa. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020 Aug 18;11:1973.
18. Lisbona A, Las Hayas A, Palací FJ, Frese M. Initiative in work teams: Lever between authentic leadership and results. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2021 May 6;18(9):4947.
19. Saher AS, Ali AM, Amani D, Najwan F. Traditional Versus Authentic Assessments in Higher Education. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction. 2022;12(1):283-91.
20. James AH, Bennett CL, Blanchard D, Stanley D. Nursing and values‐based leadership: A literature review. Journal of Nursing Management. 2021 Jul;29(5):916-30.
21. Adil A, Kamal A. Authentic leadership and psychological capital in job demands-resources model among Pakistani university teachers. International Journal of Leadership in Education. 2020 Nov 1;23(6):734-54.
22. Towsen T, Stander MW, van der Vaart L. The relationship between authentic leadership, psychological empowerment, role clarity, and work engagement: Evidence from South Africa. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020 Aug 18;11:1973.

2.0 Assignment Two

2.1 Research Objectives and Questions

In order to achieve this aim, the following objectives would be pursued;

• To analyse the influence of authentic leadership to medical students in their internship period
• To evaluate the relationship of authentic leadership and improved motivation and performance of medical students in internship period
• To establish and recommend best practice in authentic leadership implementation for achieving graduation requirements for medical students during internship period

Answer to the following research questions would similarly be sought in this research:

• How do authentic leadership influence medical students in their internship period?
• How does authentic leadership relate with motivated and high performing medical students in their internship period?
• Which strategies can be used to enhance authentic leadership for medical students to achieve graduation requirements in their internship period?

2.1 Research Design

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